Reversal of gender roles in Macbeth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inversion of sexual orientation jobs in Macbeth - Essay Example One can see that Lady Macbeth is female in viewpoint yet manly in character. Theory proclamation: The sexual orientation job of Lady Macbeth is switched on account of her manly character and cognizant refusal of womanliness (extraordinary reference to the originations of sex in the early current time frame and the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare). The sexual orientation job of Lady Macbeth in the play is absolutely against the conventional originations on womanliness and parenthood. For example, gentility is for the most part viewed as delicate natured and nurturing fondness. In the play, Lady Macbeth doesn't have the characteristics of gentility. She absolutely denies her sex job as a lady. Also, Shakespeare gave equivalent concentration to Macbeth and Lady Macbeth since he knew about the way that Macbeth doesn't have manly characteristics. In this way, there must an amazing character (say, Lady Macbeth) to repay the loss of manliness in Macbeth. In the play, Lady Macbeth is depicted as an unethical character, with no ethical thought. She shrewdly controls her better half to satisfy her narrow minded thought process. She knew about her husband’s qualities and shortcomings. In any case, the component of desire was intrinsic in Macbeth; his significant other touched off the equivalent and defiled him completely. Her definitive point was to turn into the sovereign of Scotland. Along these lines, she utilized her significant other as an instrument/medium to achieve her point. Likewise, Macbeth’s manly disappointment is abused by his better half. Macbeth cherished his better half so beyond a reasonable doubt yet she utilized the equivalent to impact him in a negative manner. One can distinguish that the principal half of the play is under Lady Macbeth’s control. Along these lines, Lady Macbeth’s sex job is absolutely against her gentility and she utilized the equivalent to control her significant other and to satisfy her egotistical intentions. Above all else, Lady Macbeth was eager like her significant other. Her longing to be the sovereign of Scotland brought about her definitive fate. Woman Macbeth demands the spirits to unsex her since her

The Prodigal God: Younger Brother vs. Older Brother

Composing II-first Younger Brother Sin versus More established Brother Sin Luke 15:11-32 is one of the most well known stories in the Bible. It is the anecdote of the reckless child. This story is about a child who flees with his legacy, squanders every last bit of it, and afterward returns home to his father’s open arms. Tim Keller goes more top to bottom into this story with his book The Prodigal God. In this book, Keller thinks about the two sons’ sins, â€Å"two siblings, every one of whom speaks to an alternate method to be distanced from God, and an alternate method to look for acknowledgment into the Kingdom of heaven† (9).Throughout the book, examinations can be made between the more youthful brother’s sin and the more seasoned brother’s sin. The more youthful sibling was egotistical and needed his legacy promptly so he can go party. The more established sibling adheres to the entirety of the guidelines to get things and doesn’t need his sibling to return. All through The Prodigal God, examination can made between the two brothers’ sin in that both of their expectations are narrow minded and the two of them need control. Tim Keller’s book is something other than examining the illustration of the reckless son.While the custom appears to concentrate more on the more youthful sibling and his transgressions, Keller goes more profundity with the more seasoned sibling and his flaws, â€Å"Most readings of this anecdote have focused on the flight and return of the more youthful sibling the ‘Prodigal Son. ’ That misses the genuine message of the story, in any case, in light of the fact that there are two siblings, every one of whom speaks to an alternate method to be distanced from God, and an alternate method to look for acknowledgment into the Kingdom of heaven† (9). The primary way that the more established sibling and the more youthful brother’s sins are comparative is that b oth of their expectations are selfish.With the more youthful sibling, he needed his legacy early so he could proceed to party. â€Å"The youngster mortifies his family and carries on with a liberal, lewd life. He is thoroughly wild. He is estranged from his dad. † (39) This conduct demonstrated he needed opportunity for himself and that he was fretful. Keller proceeds to state that the more youthful sibling thought of his relationship with his dad as immaterial and he just needed him for his assets. He says that once he became weary of the relationship, he fundamentally said that he was worn out on it and he needed out.Even however the more seasoned sibling is unique, his wrongdoings are still of a similar setting. He complies with the entirety of his father’s decides so he has all the earmarks of being a decent child, yet he is just doing these things to exploit his dad so he can get what he needs. â€Å"Elder siblings obey God to get things. They don’t obey G od to get God himself-so as to look like him, love him, know him, and savor the experience of him. So strict and moral individuals can be maintaining a strategic distance from Jesus as Savior and Lord as much as more youthful siblings state they don’t put stock in God and characterize good and bad for themselves† (49).The second manner by which the more youthful siblings and the more established brother’s sins are comparable is that the two of them need control. â€Å"There are two different ways to be your own Savior and Lord. One is by violating all the ethical laws and setting your own course, and one is by keeping all the ethical laws and being extremely, acceptable. † (50) Both siblings looked to control the dad. The more youthful sibling needs the legacy to have power over his own life. â€Å"He needed to settle on his own choices and have free control of his part of riches. (41) The more youthful sibling felt he could deal with is existence with no assistance, however he required natural fortunes so he could feel incredible. The more seasoned sibling is keeping the entirety of the principles so he can get his way with his dad. â€Å"Elder siblings do great to other people, yet not out of have a great time deeds themselves, or for the love of the individuals or the joy of God† (70). The more established sibling feels his submission should keep his dad committed to him. At the point when his dad offers the more youthful sibling pardoning and a banquet, the more established sibling is irate in light of the fact that he has lost command over his father.The submission the more established sibling saved for such huge numbers of years is by all accounts useless. â€Å"It is difficult to excuse somebody in the event that you feel better than the person in question. †(63) When taken a gander at all the more intently, the more youthful sibling and more established sibling show an unforeseen comparability in their transgre ssions all through the story of the extravagant child. Keller states in his book The Prodigal God that the objective of this book is to lay the fundamentals of the gospel, and to either present or console the message of both this story and the gospel. This story is thought of as probably the best perusing in the Bible to assist somebody with getting a handle on the comprehension of God’s love.

No More Used Cars

Not any more Used Cars Not any more Used Cars Not any more Used Cars By Maeve Maddox Time was, a vehicle that no longer had a place with its unique proprietor was a trade-in vehicle. Dress that had changed hands was recycled apparel or, in a family, pre-worn stuff. Not any longer. Obviously, in our customer society, frugality is as yet drilled, yet admitting to it isn't cool. Old garments are presently sold in transfer shops, not recycled stores. Utilized vehicles are promoted as recently possessed. in any case, presently even that code word might be on out. This week I got a publicizing mailer offering bargains on reprocessed vehicles. From the outset I thought the printer had committed an error for repossessed. Obviously the organization sending the mailer foreseen such a response on the grounds that a definition was astutely given: Reprocessed Vehicle (thing) A late model used vehicle that has experienced a 27-point inside and outside mechanical and wellbeing assessment and molding and has been justified for unwavering quality. English author David Rowan offers a few additional doublespeaks for the humiliating word utilized : pre-delighted in, recently thought about, and experienced. Rowan has accumulated an interesting rundown of startling doublespeaks from genuine reports. A considerable lot of the articulations are U.S. coinages. The Pentagon is by all accounts a particularly productive supporter of the class of words that fall upon the realities like delicate day off, the frameworks and concealing all the subtleties. Perceive how close you can come to what these doublespeaks should mean. monetary underachiever HRP quick lasting weakening NBC suit constant precipitation circumstance walkway directing toy trooper urban outdoors welcome station untamed life protection park Check your answers against Rowans list (Update: interface not, at this point on the web). Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:What is the Difference Between These and Those?The Six Spellings of Long E20 Names of Body Parts and Elements and Their Figurative Meanings

Ratio and Financial Statement Analysis Essay

This paper breaks down instruments utilized in budgetary examination, for example, proportions. Money related proportion investigation is a reasonable route for various partners to use for various objectives. This paper shows that money related proportion examination is a significant instrument to appraise assets and their utilized. It likewise exhibits that in spite of the way that money related proportion investigation is a fantastic instrument, it has imperatives. Truth be told, we will look at money related proportion by breaking down they confinements and they benefits. References utilized in this paper are from books and diary in an insightful diary. Introduction of the information and the philosophy utilized are objective; they are upheld by cases. Is it conceivable to assess or assess a company’s present and future execution? The appropriate response is truly, yet you need apparatuses and figure out how to utilize them. Budgetary proportion investigation is a superb device for organizations to assess their money related wellbeing so as to recognize weakness to establish remedial measures. Monetary proportions are most importantly manager’s concern since they need to figure out what divisions have performed well. It is also stockholders’ concern since they need to know the estimation of their stock. Monetary proportion is utilized by bank to decide if they will get the cash the lent to the firm (Parrino, Kindwell, and Bates, 2011). â€Å"Financial investigation is utilized to examine whether a substance is steady, dissolvable, fluid, or gainful enough to be contributed in† (Financial Analysis, Investopedia). The reason for budget summary examination is to help clients in anticipating what's to come. As it were, proportions are exceptionally significant benefit apparatuses that help to actualize plans that improve productivity, liquidity, money related structure, reordering, influence, and premium inclusion. (Unknown, 2000). Proportions are regularly ready to help foresee execution just as give signs of numerous potential issues. Notwithstanding the way that monetary proportion examination can give unavoidable issues of the company’s execution, some significant constraint ought to be noted when utilizing money related proportions. Actually, most money related proportions don’t recount to the full story. This paper will break down the advantages and restrictions of proportion investigation, clarifying what variables sway the significance of such measures. Money related proportion examination is a helpful instrument for clients of fiscal report. As indicated by parino et al (2011), proportion examination disentangles the cognizance of budget summaries. They advise the money related variety regarding the business. In this way, one of the benefits of utilizing this instrument is to procure data about a business. For example, the absolute obligation proportion shows the utilization of obligation in a firm’s capital structure. The higher the obligation proportion, the more obligation the organization has. Another advantage of utilizing proportion investigation is that they encourage examination between various organizations, and between firms which vary in size. As a representation, let think about the Price-Earning proportion (P/E) of two organizations with various business. Review that P/E proportion is the proportion a great many people know about and causes one decide if a stock is too costly or a great arrangement by taking a gander at the income comparative with stock value (Siegel, Shim, 2000). As appeared over, the proportion assists with checking the patterns of value profit of these for two unique organizations with various business; subsequently, the P/E proportion may assist a financial specialist with making choice. Money related proportion can likewise expose a company’s execution, qualities and frail focuses. Thus, the firm may looks into zones that would require extra exertion, updating and investigation. For example, a high proportion stock turnover proportion could imply that the organization has had out of the blue solid deals †a great sign, or it could mean the firm isn't dealing with its purchasing just as it would and stock that remaining parts set up produces no income and builds the expense related with keeping up those inventories Moreover, a proportion examination gives a fantastic and exhaustive apparatus that helps speculation choices on account of financial specialists and loaning choice on account of brokers. (Parrino, Kindwell, and Bates, 2011). A case of this will be a firm’s need of cash to fund its advantage. Loan bosses will take a gander at company’s current proportion (current resources isolate by current liabilities) to decide a company’s capacity to climate money related emergencies, at any rate in present moment. Credits are frequently connected to this proportion. Similarly, speculator takes a gander at company’s productivity proportions to quantify how much benefit an organization creates when they are looking where to put away their cash. As can be seen, budgetary proportions are surprisingly useful pointers of a firm’s execution, and monetary circumstance. In spite of the fact that proportions examinations are helpful instrument, they ought to be utilized judiciously. â€Å"Ratios are just on a par with the information whereupon they are based and the data with which they are compared.† (Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield, 2010) Thus, proportions examination present a few inconveniences. To begin with, proportions are lacking in themselves as a wellspring of assessment about the future (Parrino et al, 2011). They simply clarify communications including past information while clients are progressively intrigued about present and forthcoming data (â€Å"Accounting for management†, 2011). Essentially, they offer a piece of information or hint of the business’ qualities and powerless focuses, and that in present moment. Along these lines, they ought to be utilized as just one of expository instruments in the administration. Also that proportions are ineffectual when utilized in confinement. Most budgetary proportions don’t recount to the full story. They must be put one next to the other after some time for a similar organization or across organization or with the sector’s normal. A solitary proportion really doesn't make a reliable end. It takes in excess of a proportion to be assessed to acquire an appropriate activity, which makes proportion investigations somewhat unpredictable. For instance, the arrival on resource proportion (ROA), and the overall revenue proportions don't fuse opportunity cost of hazard. Thus, the arrival on value proportion (ROE) disregards cost of capital ventures required to produce profit. Another impediment is that proportion investigation relies upon bookkeeping information dependent on chronicled coast (Parino et al, 2011). As indicated by Kiesel, the way that proportion investigation depends on chronicled cost may prompt contortions in estimating execution. Given that the fiscal report does exclude any budgetary changes, an alteration in cost during the run time frame may not influence the determined proportion. Truth be told, erroneous appraisals of the enterprise’s money related condition and execution can come about because of neglecting to fuse reasonable worth data ( Kieso and al, 2010) The last confinement of proportion examination yet not the least is the expansion factor. The way that diverse stock valuation (FIFO, LIFO, Average expense) might be being used to maintain a business, when costs will in general ascent (swelling factor) the decision of bookkeeping strategy can drastically influence valuation proportions. To put it in an unexpected way, swelling may render the examination of money related proportions unseemly. For example, one business may utilize FIFO while another may utilize LIFO. If so, a portion of the proportions, for example, stock turnover, and gross overall revenue, would be different if pricesâ are rising. Another reality is that the varieties of the proportions are demonstrated to be intensely delicate to downturn (Kane, G.D, 1997). In his examination, Kane, G.D avows that esteem significance of numerous budgetary proportions are delicate to the event of downturn. As has been noted, bookkeeping approaches, and expansion are a few factors that have impact on the figuring of proportions. We can in this way contend proportion examination is viable apparatuses for clients of budget summary. In this way, it streamlines the comprehension of money related report, it makes examination between firms conceivable, it features a company’s execution, and it gives a proper device that helps financial specialist and leasers. We noticed that money related proportions have a few inconveniences. Truth be told, they are deficient in themselves as a wellspring of decisions; they are futile when utilized in segregation, and they can distort examinations when distinctive bookkeeping rehearses are utilized. Taking everything into account, I will say that regardless of whether proportions examinations have solid hindrances they despite everything are the most helpful instrument in the budgetary world. The most significant thing to remember is to realize how to utilize them, and comprehend their restriction. REFERENCE LIST Books and E-Books Books Kane, G.D (1997). The impact of downturn on proportion investigation. The Mid-Atlantic Journal of Business,33 (1), 19. Recover from http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-19568525.html Kieso, D.,E., Weygandt, J.J., Warfield, T.D.(2010). Middle of the road Accounting. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, Inc Parrino, R., Kindwell, D., Bates, T. (2011). Essentials of corporate account. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. digital books Siegel, J.G., Shim, J.K. ( 2000). Word reference of Accounting Terms, Retrieve from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.umuc.edu/ehost Electronic sources Representing the executives, 2011. Recover from http://accountingexplained.com/budgetary/proportions/focal points impediments http://www.nasdaq.com/image/mcd/pe-proportion http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/budgetary analysis.asp#axzz1sqK89uaF[pic][pic]

10 Research Essay Topics on Applied Anthropology

10 Research Essay Topics on Applied Anthropology On the off chance that you are composing an examination exposition on applied human sciences, there are numerous incredible realities that you can use to support your work. Underneath you will locate a short rundown of supportive realities on applied humanities: Applied humanities expects people to utilize research and information techniques and apparatuses to explain ebb and flow issues on the planet. This field applies the investigation of individuals as far as science, language, culture, and practices in order to more readily see every variation. People in this field need to utilize ethnography, perception and information assortment to all the more likely comprehend another culture or individual. Through the introduction of anthropological data, one individual can survey and watch the distinctions, correlations, and developmental data relating to someone else or another gathering. From that they can earn an increasingly all encompassing belief system or perspective about people. The individuals who work expertly in this field work under the Society for Applied Anthropology which characterizes the field as one where logical examination is utilized to all the more likely comprehend and relate gatherings of people to each other. Through that review those working in the field are urged to apply standards of each gathering of individuals to assist them with managing useful issues. Having a mediator who fills the position legitimately over the specialist in a clinical office will permit the specialist to increase better outcomes with numerous East Asian societies. The mediator in this situation capacities as a social chief too, assisting with characterizing phrases as well as practices by the specialist toward the doctor. With the Hmong individuals, the dad or granddad fills the seat of most noteworthy regard and every individual in the family has a position, however given that the most youthful, second create little girls are regularly the ones who talk the most English, specialists will in general tragically address them legitimately so they can interpret. This is viewed as offending to the most elevated level as the specialist addresses the individual in the family with the least social standing and overlooks the individual with the most elevated. Having translators around who can work as social contacts can moderate this hazard. Ethnology is a subfield which centers around the investigation of the way of life. Science or physical examination is another subfield which centers around the organic or physical contrasts among individuals. Prehistoric studies is a third subfield which centers around the investigation of archeological destinations and discoveries, regularly corresponding to gatherings of individuals who are done living or who have moved consistently. The last subfield is that of etymology which centers around the semantic changes between various gatherings of individuals. This last subfield can be utilized to follow the phonetic changes after some time in various networks and nations, following the impact that another gathering may have had. This can uncover the relocation designs or the exchange extension of one gathering to other people. Distinctive African people group along a notable exchange interstate may each display a couple of Arabic words, which suggest that they had exchange with Arabic individuals who unmistakably took that street to head out to the African people group. The use of humanities will by and large utilize each of the four subfields if conceivable to support organizations, partnerships, and governments give points of view that are not normally found in those fields. The human information brought by an anthropologist to law authorization, or the production of open strategy, or even western medication can build up a perspective on what things could have been, what things are, and how to propel correspondence and comprehension between them. The Hmong individuals, for instance, had issues with the law during the 1990’s on the grounds that they would not direct prescriptions to their youngsters the manner in which the medical clinic endorsed. Be that as it may, clarifying the laws doesn't generally come effectively particularly when the conviction frameworks of the Hmong meddle with any capacity to locate a right interpretation. On the off chance that a kid was intubated and should have been taken care of through the cylinder, the guard ians probably won't comprehend the danger of suffocation and rather believe that the specialists are attempting to hurt the youngster. Indeed, even with the assistance of a therapeutic interpreter, there are not words in the Hmong language for a large number of the restorative and medical issues or arrangements in Western medication because of the way that the Hmong just have one principle sort of sickness, which is the point at which a terrible soul or touch has meddled with that individual. This is the place applied anthropologists would take their insight into the Hmong convictions and language and afterward make a center ground for teaching them about western medication prerequisites. Anthropologists today are recruited as social agents, to help intercede government arrangements or business bargains or even customary clinical trades as referenced above between two societies. They are frequently the individual who will clarify how a CEO, for instance, should dress before meeting with another customer in another nation, just as who to address first, how to address them, when to sit/stand and where, regardless of whether to bring a blessing and if so what sort of blessing, what ought to be imprinted on the business card, etc†¦ Different jobs satisfied incorporate filling in as a program engineer for authoritative objectives, exploring explicit objectives for organizations or associations working in different nations or with different societies, and satisfying corporate representative errands. The investigation of mankind is separated into three key segments. The principal segment is an all encompassing one, the second is the investigation of the social and the organic improvement of people, and the third is the development of everything, for example, societies, language, and science. The principal part broke down social and natural advancement in an all encompassing manner, progressively wide in work. The subsequent segment can inspect contrasts between different social gatherings to feature the interior or outer contrasts. Be that as it may, another application is to investigate the inside and outer contrasts between individuals from a similar gathering. The third segment is one which encourages anthropologists to perceive how people have changed and adjusted after some time. The cognizance of how different gatherings work and cooperate with each other, causes gatherings of individuals to perceive what they share practically speaking with various gatherings. It additionally assists individuals with seeing how culture and people impact different societies and how they can change the earth where they live. These are incredible and supportive realities that can be utilized in look into paper composing on applied human sciences, in actuality. You can likewise utilize proposed points on this circle of studies and counsel the composing rules on look into articles. Use all that you can to create a magnificent paper! References: Vortex, Elizabeth M., and William L. Partridge. Applied human studies in America. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. Ervin, Alexander M. Applied human sciences: instruments and points of view for contemporary practice. Allyn Bacon, 2005. Cultivate, George McClelland. Applied human studies. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969. Arrangement, TOWARDS AN ANTHROPOLOGY OF. Another field of anthropology. Anthropology of Policy: Perspectives on Governance and Powerâ (1997): 1. Shackel, Paul An., and Erve Chambers. Places as a main priority: Public archaic exploration as applied human studies. Brain research Press, 2004. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. Three recommendations for a basically applied clinical anthropology. Social Science Medicineâ 30.2 (1990): 189-197. Van Willigen, John. Applied humanities: a presentation. Greenwood Publishing gathering, 2002.

3 April QuickNotes First Year Students, Transfers, and New Transient or Study Abroad Applicants - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

3 April QuickNotes First Year Students, Transfers, and New Transient or Study Abroad Applicants - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 3 April QuickNotes: First Year Students, Transfers, and New Transient or Study Abroad Applicants FIRST YEAR STUDENTS: Have you changed your mind about when you want to begin your freshman enrollment at UGA? May 15 is the last date for Accepted Fall 2013 freshmen to request a switch from starting in Fall Semester to starting Summer Semester. The big deadline: Your acceptance deposit must be received no later than the postmark deadline of Wednesday, May 1! Another check to write, sooner than later, is for Campus Housing. Are you on our Wait List? There is still no answer as to when we will make the decision for you and a little over one-thousand other students waiting to hear. We know “As soon as possible” is not a comfort, but it is true. Our best advice continues to be what we’ve shared with you on the Wait List FAQ,https://www.admissions.uga.edu/article/waiting-list-faq.html . TRANSFER APPLICANTS: Have you met the deadline to get your Transfer Admission documents to us? April 1was the deadline for Fall Transfer student applications as well as the target deadline for us to receive all transcripts upon which we’ll make your admission decision. Remember, we must receive current, official transcripts (not grade reports) from every college you have attended. This includes those in which you may have been Dual Enrolled while in high school or colleges you attended only for a fraction of the first semester. YourApplication Status Check should indicate the date we received your transcripts. Within reason, our office will be flexible for official transcripts that arrive as late as this week or early next week. If you have questions or special situations, you may email us at admproc@uga.edu. Whatabout a transcript for courses in which you are currently enrolled? We cannot use the credit or hours on transcripts which are not received by the deadline in order to make our transfer admission decision for you. Decisions are based on your overall transfer GPA and the number of course credit hours you have attempted. Subsequent transcripts following your UGA admission offer will be evaluated and the extra courses and credits will be added to your UGA files. So far,over 95 percent of our almost 500 completed Summer Semester transfer applications have been fully processed. The pool of Fall Transfer applicants is five times larger. As of April 9, only one-fourth of the Fall applications are both complete and processed by members of our documents and evaluation teams. We are hard at work! SUMMERTRANSIENT and STUDY ABROAD APPLICANTS: SummerTransient and Study Abroad applicants are those students currently enrolled at another college who wish to attend one term at UGA and transfer the credit back to their home institution. The credit may also be used towards meeting future Transfer Admission Requirements at UGA. SummerTransient applicants must submit a Letter of Good Standing or Official Transcript from their home institution along with their application. Summer is the only term Transients may take On-Campus UGA courses. The deadlines for Transient applications and receipt of all required documents are May 1 for the “Maymester” term and May 15 for Summer term. Study Abroad applicants must be accepted to their UGA Study Abroad program, in addition to a Letter of Good Standing or Official Transcript from their home institution and application. For more about UGA Study Abroad and its deadlines, contact the UGA Office of International Education at http://www.uga.edu/oie/. Go Dawgs!

Designer Babies - Free Essay Example

PGD refers to the technique used by doctors in the determination of the sex of an embryo. Using this technique, doctors can influence the genetic constitution of the embryo to prevent it from disease like cystic fibroids and haemophilia. (Bostrom and Rebecca 19) By using IVF, doctors can genetically manipulate the embryo by giving it different traits so that it grows with the desired genes. (p. 20) Buying gametes and paying more if the donor had an Ivy League education basically means that that will pay more for genes because the donor is considered more intelligent and well educated. (Bostrom and Rebecca 21). According to Jurgen Habermas, manipulation of the genes constitutes an infringement of the freedom of the child through ways that even normal parenting cannot do. I would advise the young couple against going for the program until they are completely sure of the avoiding the risks associated with it. (Bostrom and Rebecca 20) In his interpretation of autonomy, Habermas is misguided since genetic factors play a significant role in what the child achieves in life irrespective of whether their genes were selected for them. (Bostrom and Rebecca 21) Sandel believes that the determination to remake nature fails to exemplify, and may even destroy the child. The human powers of the child, coupled with their achievements tend to be affected when the genetic constitution of the child is interfered with. (Bostrom and Rebecca 21) In disagreeing with Sandels view, the authors feel that he is not convincing. Sandel fails to cite any data that supports his claims that parents would reduce their love for their children because they do not conform to their expectations. (Bostrom and Rebecca 21) Julian defends the principle for reasons that parents choice of the embryos determines the kind of person who will come from the procedure. Furthermore, he claims that manipulating the genes of the embryo will give way to a child with qualities that are in contrast to the expectation of the parents. (Bostrom and Rebecca 22). This means that when parents decide to intervene in the genetic composition of the future child, it is important to consider the best interests of the child by parents restricting themselves to qualities that benefit the child in their future lives. The author, however disagrees because the perceived parallels between the prevailing discourse on the enhancement and the programs of coercive eugenics coercive eugenics developed in the last century may foster beliefs which would undermine human dignity. (Bostrom and Rebecca 23) To try to turn a man into a more than a man might be so as well (Bostrom and Rebecca 24) Fukuyama and Silver opine that by the enhanced laying more claim to human rights, the rights of the unenhanced will be taken away. Work Cited Bostrom, Nick, and Rebecca Roache. Ethical Issues In Human Enhancement. New Waves in Applied Ethics (2007): 19-24. Print.

Analyzing the short story Revenge by Isabel Allende Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Numerous of the features that Dulce Rosa has resembled those of Allende or women’s characteristics on the whole; Rosa is a female of numerous sentiments and emotions. She is a beautiful and brilliant girl, but not as beautiful as other girls in their place. This makes Rosa seem more connected to the female readers for she is not portrayed as remarkably or extraordinarily pretty, which numerous leading female characters are. Rosa exhibits courage and resolve when her father was slaughtered. She is troubled of the fact that her father has been killed. This emotion is understandable. When Rosa is sexually violated, her resolve to take revenge against Tadeo Cespedes is reasonable after he has slaughtered her father and sexually violated her. Yet, Rosa was quite patient for Tadeo to come back to her. She was confident that he would come back and haunt her down. Possibly one characteristic Allende desired to endow Rosa with was patience, for Rosa believed that her opportunity to finally carry out his revenge would arrive (Cox 82). But when Tadeo does come back, Rosa has suddenly changed her plans of revenge. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyzing the short story Revenge by Isabel Allende or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Maybe this is revealing women’s weaknesses, and even their innocence. Rosa fell in love with a criminal. Women usually have a softer aspect, which is possibly the reason why Rosa yielded to her emotions, although she wanted desired vengeance. Apparently, Rosa also had a feeling of vulnerability and hopelessness, which later on resulted in her suicide. Her adoration for her father’s murderer ruined her self-esteem, and she thought she would not be able to fulfill her promise to him. In spite of the fact that killing oneself is a terrible, sinful act, Rosa thought her suicide would be the perfect recourse. She could not continue living with the reality that she fell in love with a criminal. Allende was successful in depicting a woman who has powerful goals and resolve. Numerous women desire to gain control over men because they dislike being controlled by men. Rosa had that control over Tadeo, until she developed a deep affection for him. Allende even depicts women as fragile and defenseless sometimes, which is quite real (McNeese 77). A lot of women become innocent in the face of love, but perhaps not to the level to which Allende brings it because it would be difficult to love a person who slaughtered one’s loved ones and sexually violated him/her. Nevertheless, it reveals how women bear and deal with numerous sentiments and emotions. Dulce Rosa’s death may be associated with a tumultuous mix of emotions, such as sadness, isolation, anxiety, and grief for her father.

Alcoholics Anonymous A Anonymous - 865 Words

Attending an Alcoholic Anonymous Meeting Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in the basis that alcoholism cannot be healed medically, but spiritually. Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in 1939 by Bill Wilson, and Dr. Robert Smith (B’s, n.d.). The main goal of Alcoholics Anonymous is recovery from alcoholism, and to fully abstain from consuming alcohol. Several non-stated goals are staying out of jail, fixing a financial situation, or becoming happier (Trizio, 2006). After attending in a meeting for Alcoholics Anonymous, I could tell that there was a much deeper meaning for the word ‘sobriety’ for people who suffer from alcoholism. Alcoholics Anonymous has no formal membership, monthly dues, or yearly subscriptions. In order to become a member of Alcoholics Anonymous, a person must have a strong desire to quit drinking (Quality Information, n.d). Members of Alcoholics Anonymous don’t discriminate against those who drink, as some people attend meetings simply because they didn’t want to be drinking at that moment. Alcoholics Anonymous members are a close knitted community, as they all face the same struggles together, and tend to be the best sources of referral. Other sources of referral’s come from Law Enforcement, Judges, Physiatrists, and church leaders. It takes an alcoholic to know an alcoholic, so the backbone of Alcoholics Anonymous revolves around alcoholics helping other alcoholics. However, an alcoholic cannot diagnose another alcoholic with alcoholism. TheShow MoreRelatedAlcoholics Anonymous : A Anonymous1442 Words   |  6 PagesAlcoholics Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous is a group composed of men and women who want to stop drinking and help each other stay on the path towards sobriety. 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A study of its history, a description of the program, the success rates and commonly held harmful beliefs of AA, alternatives to AA, and finally an analysis using Rawl’s Theory of Justice are all required in orderRead MoreThe Theory Of Alcoholics Anonymous1622 Words   |  7 PagesMade a Beginning Group (MAB) of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) was observed in the efforts to link course readings and class lectures to real life group work. MAB was observed on October 14, 2015, at 6:00 pm. with fourteen people in attendance. The open support group meeting was located at the First Unitarian Church of Orlando on East Robinson Street and was led by one facilitator. MAB and the facilitator showed deviations from the normal group practices discussed in the class of Group Dynamics and ProcessRead MoreAlcoholics Anonymous ( A.a )1623 Words   |  7 PagesFounded in 1935, Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) is a 12-step spiritual program for those who have a desire to stop drinking. 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Those wereRead More Alcoholics Anonymous Essay1355 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"early A.A.† refers to the early fellowships and meetings held in Akron, Ohio. These meetings took place between 1935 and 1939 when Alcoholics Anonymous was an integral part of â€Å"A First Century Christian Fellowship† (Pitman 56). A.A. was the outcome of a meeting between Bill W., a New York stockbroker, and Dr. Bob S., an Akron surgeon. Both had been hopeless alcoholics (Fingarette 14). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Before this time, Bill and Dr. Bob had each been in contact with the Oxford Group,Read MoreAlcoholics Anonymous And The Philosophies Essay1883 Words   |  8 Pages Alcoholics Anonymous and The Philosophies in Between: Conflicting Philosophies Between the Original Twelve-Step Alcohol’s Anonymous Program and The New Counseling Profession Brandon R. McIver University of Oregon Abstract This paper concerns the notoriously well known successful treatment program, Alcoholics Anonymous twelve-step program, and contrasts it to what would be referred to as a revised version of the original program. Alcoholics Anonymous has beenRead MoreAn Alcoholics Anonymous ( Aa ) Meeting Essay1753 Words   |  8 PagesI went to an Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meeting on November 26, 2016 at noon in Simi Valley, CA. It was in the back entrance of a strip mall in a long, thin room with tables down the middle and chairs around the table and around the walls in the room. It is only located four minutes from my house, but I have never noticed it before. As I walked in there was a little kitchen with coffee and a pecan pie and there were goodies on the table. I them walked into the main room. A woman led the group forRead MoreGroup Experience : Alcoholics Anonymous1441 Words   |  6 PagesSupport Group Experience Alcoholics Anonymous Alcoholics Anonymous is a group composed of men and women who want to stop drinking and help each other stay on the path towards sobriety. They are not affiliated with any other organization, denomination, or institution and the only requirement for membership is the desire to stop drinking (Fisher Harrison, 2013). They meet at least once a week, if not more to support one another and to share their experiences, struggles, and successes. I attendedRead MoreA Glimpse Inside Alcoholics Anonymous1662 Words   |  7 PagesA Glimpse Inside Alcoholics Anonymous â€Å"Animated in the spirit of Jesus Christ, we value all individuals’ unique talents, respect their dignity, and strive to foster their commitment to excellence in our work. Our community’s strength depends on the unity and diversity of our people, on the free exchange of ideas, and on learning, living, and working harmoniously (Saint Leo University Core Values, Respect). Introduction. I decided I wanted to visit an Alcoholics Anonymous group meeting in my local

The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1573 Words

People are constantly changing. They are constantly using their past mistakes to make for themselves a better future. Life is a constant process of living and learning. This is what author, Nathaniel Hawthorne, has the character Hester Prynne do in his novel The Scarlet Letter. Hester Prynne, the main protagonist, causes great havoc in her society for committing adultery. The novel tells the story of Hester and how she is shut out from her world for what she has done, and exemplifies the affect of her sin on those around her and those closest to her. These people including Reverend Dimmesdale who dissipates from his own guilt, Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s husband who was assumed to be dead, who becomes a very vengeful and spiteful man, and also her own daughter Pearl who is an outcast of the children because she is a child of sin. Hester’s development throughout the novel is truly remarkable as are the effects other characters have on her. She grows from being ashamed and defiant to at peace with herself and her sin while remaining the same protective mother of her daughter, Pearl. She becomes confident and free, not letting the Puritan society control or define her. At first glance, Hester is portrayed more so as the victim rather than the heroine. Because she committed adultery against her husband, we see the people in her society brand her with a red â€Å"A†. She’s forced to stand in shame of a thousand Puritan citizens, enduring their stares and whispers. Hester therefore,Show MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1242 Words   |  5 PagesLYS PAUL Modern Literature Ms. Gordon The Scarlet Letter The scarlet letter is book written by Nathaniel Hawthorne who is known as one the most studied writers because of his use of allegory and symbolism. He was born on July 4, 1804 in the family of Nathaniel, his father, and Elizabeth Clark Hathorne his mother. Nathaniel added â€Å"W† to his name to distance himself from the side of the family. His father Nathaniel, was a sea captain, and died in 1808 with a yellow fever while at sea. That was aRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne960 Words   |  4 Pages3H 13 August 2014 The novel, The Scarlet Letter, was written by the author Nathaniel Hawthorne and was published in 1850 (1). It is a story about the Puritan settlers of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, set around 1650 (2). The story is written in the third person with the narrator being the author. The common thread that runs through this novel is Hawthorne’s apparent understanding of the beliefs and culture of the Puritans in America at that time. But Hawthorne is writing about events in a societyRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne919 Words   |  4 Pagessymbolism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Symbolism is when an object is used in place of a different object. Nathaniel Hawthorne is one of the most symbolic writers in all of American history. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the letter â€Å"A† is used to symbolize a variety of different concepts. The three major symbolistic ideas that the letter â€Å"A† represents in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† are; shame, guilt, and ability. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, the firstRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among us. The time frame of the puritans resulted in Hawthorne eventually thinkingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne999 Words   |  4 Pages Nathaniel Hawthorne is the author of the prodigious book entitled The Scarlet Letter. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne commits adultery with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Her husband, Roger Chillingworth, soon finds out about the incident after it becomes clear that she is pregnant. The whole town finds out and Hester is tried and punished. Meanwhile, Roger Chillingworth goes out then on a mission to get revenge by becoming a doctor and misprescribing Dimmesdale. He does this to torture DimmesdaleRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne1037 Words   |  5 Pagesthat human nature knows right from wrong, but is naturally evil and that no man is entirely â€Å"good†. Nathaniel Hawthorne, author of the classic novel The Scarlet Letter, believes that every man is innately good and Hawthorne shows that everyone has a natural good side by Hester’s complex character, Chillingworth’s actions and Dimmesdale’s selfless personality. At the beginning of the Scarlet Letter Hester Prynne is labeled as the â€Å"bad guy†. The townspeople demand the other adulterer’s name, butRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1517 Words   |  7 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne composes Pearl as a powerful character even though she is not the main one. Her actions not only represent what she is as a person, but what other characters are and what their actions are. Hawthorne makes Pearl the character that helps readers understand what the other characters are. She fits perfectly into every scene she is mentioned in because of the way her identity and personality is. Pearl grows throughout the book, which in the end, help the readers better understandRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1488 Words   |  6 Pages In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel The Scarlet Letter, the main character, Hester Prynne, is a true contemporary of the modern era, being cast into 17th century Puritan Boston, Massachusetts. The Scarlet Letter is a revolutionary novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne examining the ugliness, complexity, and strength of the human spirit and character that shares new ideas about independence and the struggles women faced in 17th century America. Throughout the novel, Hester’s refusal to remove the scarlet letterRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1319 Words   |  6 PagesPrynne and Arthur Dimmesdale are subject to this very notion in Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter. Hester simply accepted that what she had done was wrong, whereas Dimmesdale, being a man of high regard, did not want to accept the reality of what he did. Similar to Hester and Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth allows his emotions to influence his life; however, his influence came as the result of hi s anger. Throughout the book, Hawthorne documents how Dimmesdale and Hester s different ways of dealingRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1714 Words   |  7 PagesSome two hundred years following the course of events in the infamous and rigid Puritan Massachusetts Colony in the 1600s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, descendant of a Puritan magistrate, in the 19th century, published The Scarlet Letter. Wherein such work, Hawthorne offered a social critique against 17th Massachusetts through the use of complex and dynamic characters and literary Romanticism to shed light on said society’s inherent contradiction to natural order and natural law. In his conclusive statements

Bandura Rotter, Molly Ringwald Character from Breakfast...

Bandura Rotter, Molly Ringwald Character from Breakfast Club The reinforcement for Clair’s behavior was mainly dependent on the approval she received from her popular peer group. She has a notion that she needs to be â€Å"popular† or approved in order to be seen as better in her school. Reinforcement would also be abiding by her parents so she is able to shop with her families wealth. After she had bought something materialistic, it makes her feel good. There was a battle of the reinforcement values in this movie. One was, as stated above, to seek approval of her older known peers known to be stuck-up, condescending, and popular. The other is reinforcement of a more positive virtue. This virtue is as stated, thinking independently and†¦show more content†¦Clair, by the end of the movie, did show some deviation in her expectancies by being more empathetic to others and independent with her thinking. This showed that she had an external locus of control but was starting slightly to pitch off to the internal side of the E- I scale. But none the less, my estimation would say that she has a way to introspect before she gets out of the predominately external territory. The interactionists view from Clair’s standpoint is her need for approval and popularity around peer groups and social situations. Expectancy of Clair is shown to be low at the beginning of the film, but brought up after the group discussion. Her expectancies become more internal via introspection of herself brought on by group advocation. The advocation may have been harsh and blunt at times, but it helped in the functioning of Clair finding other ways to think about herself, old peers, new peers, and parents. I believe this shaped her character in a positive way to think for herself instead of a group-think automaton looking for approval from other condescending teenage girls. Firstly, Clair was using her expectancy outcomes. Her competency became more prevalent, she seemed more concerned about advancing her newly independent self and peers (The Breakfast Club). This could mean Clair would be more open to a self regulatory plan. (Bandura) A personnel agency became more prevalent within Clair as time went

Workplace Ethical Dilemma Paper Free Essays

Workplace Ethical Dilemma Paper BSHS / 322 Marcia Winter Introduction We’ve all heard the golden rules: In today’s society it is hard to find a good paying job. When one finds a good paying job, that person needs to do whatever he or she can do to keep that job. Ethics can be a problem in a workplace if someone is asked to do something that they do not feel is right. We will write a custom essay sample on Workplace Ethical Dilemma Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Ethics are about making choices that may not always feel good or seem like they benefit you but are the â€Å"right† choices to make† (Curry, 2011; para 2). In the following, I will discuss a workplace ethical dilemma that I have witnessed in my current employment. I will discuss the essential points of the dilemma and how this dilemma intersects with my personal values. Personal Ethics I have very simple personal ethics and values that I live by. â€Å"Don’t hurt, don’t steal, don’t lie, or one of the most famous: â€Å"Do unto others as you would have done to you† (Curry, 2011; para 2). I have others but these are the main ones I live by. My parents taught me early in life that if I want to do well in this world and have others respect me than I better remember these ethics and values. Workplace Ethical Dilemma I have been employed for the same medical facility for almost 2 years. I started at the hospital and have worked my way into the clinics. This is a major accomplishment because normally my job does not move their employees around. They like to keep everyone in the same place. When I transferred to my current position I was put in the position to â€Å"spy† on the current workers in the office. I kept the same boss and she knew that there were some issues at my new location. She wanted me to get the scoop on everyone and then report back to her. Now, I love my boss and my job, but she was asking me to do something that I was not ok with. I am not the type of person to gossip about people behind their backs. I like to do my job and go home. I do not want to talk about others because I have been on the receiving end and have been the person that others have talked about. It does not feel good. Points of Dilemma When I was asked to spy on my coworkers, I did not know what to say. I kept thinking that my boss was joking with me and was waiting for me to respond in the correct way. I felt like she was looking to see what I would do. I did not talk about it for a couple of days after she talked with me about it. I thought long and hard as to what I was going to do. I did not want to lose my job over this but I really did not want to tell on my coworkers. I did not even know them yet. I kept thinking that I could not work with people I did not trust. I knew that if someone was to spy on me, that I would never be able to trust them. Read also â€Å"Glengarry Glen Ross†Ã‚   by David Mamet I did not want to break that trust. When my boss approached me a second time, I knew what my answer was going to be. I told my boss that I did not feel comfortable spying on my coworkers. I was waiting for her to tell me that I did have a choice†¦. it is either your job or spy on your coworkers. She surprised me when she told me that she understood my position and respected my decision. I stood their flabbergasted because I did not know what to say. Personal Values Personally, this decision to not do what my boss told me tore at me. I have always been taught to listen to authority. My boss would be my authority. However, I was also told to treat others the same way I would like to be treated. I cannot stand it when people talk about me behind my back. I am a person who confronts problems head on. If someone has a problem with the way I do things than I would want that person to confront me and talk with me about it. I would not like them to go running to the boss and â€Å"tell† on me. I did not want my boss to be mad at me but I also do not want me coworkers mad at me. There would only be a couple of reason why I would tell on my coworkers. One would be if I witnessed one of them doing something very wrong to a patient or to another coworker. An example of this would be if one of my coworkers lied to a patient or to another coworker. This would be against my code of ethics. The other reason would be if one of my coworkers would be stealing from the company. Stealing would consist of stealing money, supplies or cheating on one’s paycheck. There are some people who are very dishonest regarding their time card. â€Å"Employee fraud is on the rise, soaring from $400 billion in lost revenue for U. S. usinesses in 1996 to over $600 billion in 2003. And while many organizations have implemented background checking as a requirement for employment, the majority of employees who steal–68. 6 percent, according to Association of Certified Fraud Examiners –have no prior criminal record (Wolf; Para 4). Conclusion In conclusion, having good work ethics and values are extremely important. People look at those qual ities just as much as they would look at qualifications. Employers want employees who are going to not only show up for work but also does quality work as well. The personal workplace dilemma that I shared is not the only personal workplace dilemma I have had. I am sure in my future I will have more. If I continue to live by my personal ethics and values than I should have no problems with my future dilemmas. References Curry, Myron; 2011; Ethics on the Workplace; retrieved October 23, 2011 from http://EzineArticles. com/12475 Wolf, Ira; 2004; Cheating, Lies and Other Workplace Ethics; retrieved October 23 2011 from http://www. super-solutions. com/EmployeeFraudandWorkplaceEthics. asp#ixzz1bqShnBN4 How to cite Workplace Ethical Dilemma Paper, Essay examples

Literary Forms in Related Literature free essay sample

The diversity and richness of Philippine literature evolved side by side with the countrys history. This can best be appreciated in the context of the countrys pre-colonial cultural traditions and the socio-political histories of its colonial and contemporary traditions. The average Filipinos unfamiliarity with his indigenous literature was largely due to what has been impressed upon him: that his country was discovered and, hence, Philippine history started only in 1521. So successful were the efforts of colonialists to blot out the memory of the countrys largely oral past that present-day Filipino writers, artists and journalists are trying to correct this inequity by recognizing the countrys wealth of ethnic traditions and disseminating them in schools and in the mass media. The rousings of nationalistic pride in the 1960s and 1970s also helped bring about this change of attitude among a new breed of Filipinos concerned about the Filipino identity. We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Forms in Related Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Pre-Colonial Times Owing to the works of our own archaeologists, ethnologists and anthropologists, we are able to know more and better judge information about our pre-colonial times set against a bulk of material about early Filipinos as recorded by Spanish, Chinese, Arabic and other chroniclers of the past. Pre-colonial inhabitants of our islands showcase a rich past through their folk speeches, folk songs, folk narratives and indigenous rituals and mimetic dances that affirm our ties with our Southeast Asian neighbors. The most seminal of these folk speeches is the riddle which is tigmo in Cebuano, bugtong in Tagalog, paktakon in Ilongo and patototdon in Bicol. Central to the riddle is the talinghaga or metaphor because it reveals subtle resemblances between two unlike objects and ones power of observation and wit are put to the test. While some riddles are ingenious, others verge on the obscene or are sex-related: Gaddang: Gongonan nu usin y amam If you pull your daddys penis Maggirawa pay sila y inam. Your mommys vagina, too, (Campana) screams. (Bell) The proverbs or aphorisms express norms or codes of behavior, community beliefs or they instill values by offering nuggets of wisdom in short, rhyming verse. The extended form, tanaga, a mono-riming heptasyllabic quatrain expressing insights and lessons on life is more emotionally charged than the terse proverb and thus has affinities with the folk lyric. Some examples are the basahanon or extended didactic sayings from Bukidnon and the daraida and daragilon from Panay. The folk song, a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes and aspirations, the peoples lifestyles as well as their loves. These are often repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naive as in the childrens songs or Ida-ida(Maguindanao), tulang pambata (Tagalog) or cansiones para abbing (Ibanag). A few examples are the lullabyes or Ili-ili (Ilongo); love songs like the panawagon and balitao (Ilongo); harana or serenade (Cebuano); the bayok (Maranao); the seven-syllable per line poem, ambahan of the Mangyans that are about human relationships, social entertainment and also serve as a tool for teaching the young; work songs that depict the livelihood of the people often sung to go with the movement of workers such as the kalusan (Ivatan), soliranin (Tagalog rowing song) or the mambayu, a Kalinga rice-pounding song; the verbal jousts/games like the duplo popular during wakes. Other folk songs are the drinking songs sung during carousals like the tagay (Cebuano and Waray); dirges and lamentations extolling the deeds of the dead like the kanogon (Cebuano) or the Annako (Bontoc). A type of narrative song or kissa among the Tausug of Mindanao, the parang sabil, uses for its subject matter the exploits of historical and legendary heroes. It tells of a Muslim hero who seeks death at the hands of non-Muslims. The folk narratives, i. e. epics and folk tales are varied, exotic and magical. They explain how the world was created, how certain animals possess certain characteristics, why some places have waterfalls, volcanoes, mountains, flora or fauna and, in the case of legends, an explanation of the origins of things. Fables are about animals and these teach moral lessons. Our countrys epics are considered ethno-epics because unlike, say, Germanys Niebelunginlied, our epics are not national for they are histories of varied groups that consider themselves nations. The epics come in variousnames: Guman (Subanon); Darangen (Maranao); Hudhud (Ifugao); and Ulahingan (Manobo). These epics revolve around supernatural events or heroic deeds and they embody or validate the beliefs and customs and ideals of a community. These are sung or chanted to the accompaniment of indigenous musical instruments and dancing performed during harvests, weddings or funerals by chanters. The chanters who were taught by their ancestors are considered treasures and/or repositories of wisdom in th eir communities. Examples of these epics are the Lam-ang (Ilocano); Hinilawod (Sulod); Kudaman (Palawan); Darangen (Maranao); Ulahingan (Livunganen-Arumanen Manobo); Mangovayt Buhong na Langit (The Maiden of the Buhong Sky from TuwaangManobo); Ag Tobig neg Keboklagan (Subanon); and Tudbulol (Tboli). The Spanish Colonial Tradition While it is true that Spain subjugated the Philippines for more mundane reasons, this former European power contributed much in the shaping and recording of our literature. Religion and institutions that represented European civilization enriched the languages in the lowlands, introduced theater which we would come to know as komedya, the sinakulo, the sarswela, the playlets and the drama. Spain also brought to the country, though at a much later time, liberal ideas and an internationalism that influenced our own Filipino intellectuals and writers for them to understand the meanings of liberty and freedom. Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry. Religious lyrics written by ladino poets or those versed in both Spanish and Tagalog were included in early catechism and were used to teach Filipinos the Spanish language. Fernando Bagonbantas Salamat nang walang hanga/gracias de sin sempiternas (Unending thanks) is a fine example that is found in the Memorial de la vida cristiana en lengua tagala (Guidelines for the Christian life in the Tagalog language) published in 1605. Another form of religious lyrics are the meditative verses like the dalit appended to novenas and catechisms. It has no fixed meter nor rime scheme although a number are written in octosyllabic quatrains and have a solemn tone and spiritual subject matter. But among the religious poetry of the day, it is the pasyon in octosyllabic quintillas that became entrenched in the Filipinos commemoration of Christs agony and resurrection at Calvary. Gaspar Aquino de Belens Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong Panginoon natin na tola (Holy Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ in Verse) put out in 1704 is the countrys earliest known pasyon. Other known pasyons chanted during the Lenten season are in Ilocano, Pangasinan, Ibanag, Cebuano, Bicol, Ilongo and Waray. Aside from religious poetry, there were various kinds of prose narratives written to prescribe proper decorum. Like the pasyon, these prose narratives were also used for proselitization. Some forms are: dialogo(dialogue), Manual de Urbanidad (conduct book); ejemplo (exemplum) and tratado (tratado). The most well-known are Modesto de Castros Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at si Feliza (Correspondence between the Two Maidens Urbana and Feliza) in 1864 and Joaquin Tuasons Ang Bagong Robinson (The New Robinson) in 1879, an adaptation of Daniel Defoes novel. Secular works appeared alongside historical and economic changes, the emergence of an opulent class and the middle class who could avail of a European education. This Filipino elite could now read printed works that used to be the exclusive domain of the missionaries. The most notable of the secular lyrics followed the conventions of a romantic tradition: the languishing but loyal lover, the elusive, often heartless beloved, the rival. The leading poets were Jose Corazon de Jesus (Huseng Sisiw) and Francisco Balagtas. Some secular poets who wrote in this same tradition were Leona Florentino, Jacinto Kawili, Isabelo de los Reyes and Rafael Gandioco. Another popular secular poetry is the metrical romance, the awit and korido in Tagalog. The awit is set in dodecasyllabic quatrains while the korido is in octosyllabic quatrains. These are colorful tales of chivalry from European sources made for singing and chanting such as Gonzalo de Cordoba (Gonzalo of Cordoba) and Ibong Adarna (Adarna Bird). There are numerous metrical romances in Tagalog, Bicol, Ilongo, Pampango, Ilocano and in Pangasinan. The awit as a popular poetic genre reached new heights in Balagtas Florante at Laura (ca. 1838-1861), the most famous of the countrys metrical romances. Again, the winds of change began to blow in 19th century Philippines. Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called ilustrados began to write about the downside of colonization. This, coupled with the simmering calls for reforms by the masses gathered a formidable force of writers like Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Emilio Jacinto and Andres Bonifacio. This led to the formation of the Propaganda Movement where prose works such as the political essays and Rizals two political novels, Noli Me Tangere and the El filibusterismo helped usher in the Philippine revolution resulting in the downfall of the Spanish regime, and, at the same time planted the seeds of a national consciousness among Filipinos. But if Rizals novels are political, the novel Ninay (1885) by Pedro Paterno is largely cultural and is considered the first Filipino novel. Although Paternos Ninay gave impetus to other novelists like Jesus Balmori and Antonio M. Abad to continue writing in Spanish, this did not flourish. Other Filipino writers published the essay and short fiction in Spanish in La Vanguardia, El Debate, Renacimiento Filipino, and Nueva Era. The more notable essayists and fictionists were Claro M. Recto, Teodoro M. Kalaw, Epifanio de los Reyes, Vicente Sotto, Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, Rafael Palma, Enrique Laygo (Caretas or Masks, 1925) and Balmori who mastered the prosa romantica or romantic prose. But the introduction of English as medium of instruction in the Philippines hastened the demise of Spanish so that by the 1930s, English writing had overtaken Spanish writing. During the languages death throes, however, writing in the romantic tradition, from the awit and korido, would continue in the novels of Magdalena Jalandoni. But patriotic writing continued under the new colonialists. These appeared in the vernacular poems and modern adaptations of works during the Spanish period and which further maintained the Spanish tradition. The American Colonial Period A new set of colonizers brought about new changes in Philippine literature. New literary forms such as free verse [in poetry], the modern short story and the critical essay were introduced. American influence was deeply entrenched with the firm establishment of English as the medium of instruction in all schools and with literary modernism that highlighted the writers individuality and cultivated consciousness of craft, sometimes at the expense of social consciousness. The poet, and later, National Artist for Literature, Jose Garcia Villa used free verse and espoused the dictum, Art for arts sake to the chagrin of other writers more concerned with the utilitarian aspect of literature. Another maverick in poetry who used free verse and talked about illicit love in her poetry was Angela Manalang Gloria, a woman poet described as ahead of her time. Despite the threat of censorship by the new dispensation, more writers turned up seditious works and popular writing in the native languages bloomed through the weekly outlets like Liwayway and Bisaya. The Balagtas tradition persisted until the poet Alejandro G. Abadilla advocated modernism in poetry. Abadilla later influenced young poets who wrote modern verses in the 1960s such as Virgilio S. Almario, Pedro I. Ricarte and Rolando S. Tinio. While the early Filipino poets grappled with the verities of the new language, Filipinos seemed to have taken easily to the modern short story as published in the Philippines Free Press, the College Folio andPhilippines Herald. Paz Marquez Benitezs Dead Stars published in 1925 was the first successful short story in English written by a Filipino. Later on, Arturo B. Rotor and Manuel E. Arguilla showed exceptional skills with the short story. Alongside this development, writers in the vernaculars continued to write in the provinces. Others like Lope K. Santos, Valeriano Hernandez Pena and Patricio Mariano were writing minimal narratives similar to the early Tagalog short fiction called dali or pasingaw (sketch). The romantic tradition was fused with American pop culture or European influences in the adaptations of Edgar Rice Burroughs Tarzan by F. P. Boquecosa who also penned Ang Palad ni Pepe after Charles Dickens David Copperfield even as the realist tradition was kept alive in the novels by Lope K. Santos and Faustino Aguilar, among others. It should be noted that if there was a dearth of the Filipino novel in English, the novel in the vernaculars continued to be written and serialized in weekly magazines like Liwayway, Bisaya, Hiligaynon and Bannawag. The essay in English became a potent medium from the 1920s to the present. Some leading essayists were journalists like Carlos P. Romulo, Jorge Bocobo, Pura Santillan Castrence, etc. who wrote formal to humorous to informal essays for the delectation by Filipinos. Among those who wrote criticism developed during the American period were Ignacio Manlapaz, Leopoldo Yabes and I. V. Mallari. But it was Salvador P. Lopezs criticism that grabbed attention when he won the Commonwealth Literay Award for the essay in 1940 with his Literature and Society. This essay posited that art must have substance and that Villas adherence to Art for Arts Sake is decadent. The last throes of American colonialism saw the flourishing of Philippine literature in English at the same time, with the introduction of the New Critical aesthetics, made writers pay close attention to craft and indirectly engendered a disparaging attitude towards vernacular writings a tension that would recur in the contemporary period. The Contemporary Period The flowering of Philippine literature in the various languages continue especially with the appearance of new publications after the Martial Law years and the resurgence of committed literature in the 1960s and the 1970s. Filipino writers continue to write poetry, short stories, novellas, novels and essays whether these are socially committed, gender/ethnic related or are personal in intention or not. Of course the Filipino writer has become more conscious of his art with the proliferation of writers workshops here and abroad and the bulk of literature available to him via the mass media including the internet. The various literary awards such as the Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature, the Philippines Free Press, Philippine Graphic, Home Life and Panorama literary awards encourage him to compete with his peers and hope that his creative efforts will be rewarded in the long run. With the new requirement by the Commission on Higher Education of teaching of Philippine Literature in all tertiary schools in the country emphasizing the teaching of the vernacular literature or literatures of the regions, the audience for Filipino writers is virtually assured. And, perhaps, a national literature finding its niche among the literatures of the world will not be far behind.

The assassination of John F. Kennedy Conspiracy theories

Following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in 1963, the warren commission was setup to investigate the case. The team came to a conclusion that the assassination was carried out by a lone gunman. However, the house select committee on assassinations carried out fresh investigations in the period between 1976 and 1979 concluding that the assassination was a conspiracy, essentially denouncing the earlier findings that suggested a one man effort. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The assassination of John F. Kennedy: Conspiracy theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The conspiracy theories developed in the latter years implicated a number of public figures including former Cuban leader Fidel Castro, the mafia, the FBI, Lyndon Johnson, the CIA amongst many others. These groups and individuals were named in several conspiracy theories namely, the organized crime theory, the secret service, the federal reserve conspiracy and the new Orleans conspiracy among others. From personal opinion, the theory that seems to hold most water in this particular case is the organized crime conspiracy which basically implicates the mafia, Cuban exiles and Fidel Castro’s supporters. Mob involvement has been well presented in David Kaiser’s book, The road to Dallas. When President John F. Kennedy took over office from Dwight Eisenhower, he made it a point to ensure that criminals were incarcerated in numbers that were unprecedented (Kaiser, 11). Under his watch the number of persecutions increased by upto 12 times the number recorded during his predecessor’s tenure. Members of mafia formed a big number of the criminals he had sent to jail and this gave them a reason to retaliate. The Mafioso considered Fidel Castro their biggest enemy and most of them built strong relationships with anti-Castro Cubans. Some of the documents that were allegedly not consulted by the Warren commis sion indicate that some of the Mafiosi had been involved in plotting conspiracies directed at assassinating Fidel Castro. The Mafia felt short changed when President Kennedy failed to support their efforts in the invasion. The mafia in this cause was under the support of Cuban exiles in the USA who wanted to go back to Cuba and carry out an invasion Castro’s communist government (Kaiser, 123). It has also been suggested that anti-Castro Cubans were angered by Kennedy’s failure to destroy Cuba during the 1962 missile crisis. Giving the mafia and the Cuban exiles even more reason to hate him, President Kennedy had been at the forefront of leading charges against organized crime as a young and idealistic lawyer. Further, the president’s younger brother Bobby also followed in his footsteps leading the administration in protests against the mafia. Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OF F Learn More The mafia had helped John F. Kennedy win the elections and therefore they felt betrayed when he started prosecuting them when he got the office. The polls ended in dispute with allegations of the elections being marred with irregularities. Investigations that were carried out by to the CIA revealed that Carlos Marcello, a suspected member of the mafia could have organized and implemented the conspiracy. The investigations also realized that Marcello had the motive, the opportunity and the resources necessary to carry out the assassination. The most popular organized crime conspiracy involving the Cubans suggests that Kennedy could have been assassinated by Fidel Castro. According to this theory, Castro was fully aware that the mafia aided by some Cubans was baying for his blood. These two groups were purported to be under CIA’s command (Kaiser, 53). As a result, the only two choices available to Castro were to kill or be killed. Aside from the Mafia and the Cubans, other organized groups that could have committed the crime include the KGB. This argument suggests that Oswald was possibly a member of the KGB and his work was to handle such â€Å"dirty† missions. Individuals who are pro this line of thought such as Professor Revilo Oliver believe that JFK was assassinated because he did not serve the soviet and related communist groups as effectively as he had promised prior to the election. Kennedy had been seen as the one who could turn America to communism but once he got into office he appeared to soften his stand and in a move described as ‘turning American’ (Kaiser, 293). From readings, it has been discovered that this conspiracy could have been covered up to avoid the eruption of the third world war; a war which was imminent were it to be revealed that the KGB controlled Oswald. Of all the conspiracy theories that have been fronted to explain the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the theory suggesting that organized crime could have been the major involvement appears to be more credible. In the book The Road to Dallas, David Kaiser has clearly provided in-depth explanations supporting the argument that organized crime groups were the major plotters and developers of the plot to kill JFK. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The assassination of John F. Kennedy: Conspiracy theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As much various discussions have arisen in regards to who could have been involved and the particular reasons for their involvement, it is definitely clear from Kaiser’s book that Oswald could not have been the sole mastermind of the attack. The Mafioso, the Cuban exiles, the KGB and probably even Fidel Castro’s henchmen could have contributed to the development of the plot. It is however clear as has been presented earlier in this essay that whichever group was involved had to have some agreea ble amount of inside help. It is definitely ridiculous to try and purport that a single individual in the name of Oswald could have bypassed all the security systems around the president of a super power without either outside or inside help, or both. By the standards of those days JFK must have been the most well protected individual on earth yet he went down by a bullet from a sniper’s gun; a sniper who was not immediately traced. His evasion from security forces around the president and all over the country could be telling of the fact that he had enlisted a definite level of inside support. This is the kind of support that could only be negotiated for by a well connected group of individuals. The level of organization in the execution of the assassination was clearly a team effort, and though Oswald came to take most of the credit, it is evident that there were many people counting on his success. In conclusion, it is worth noting that the assassination of JFK is a myst ery that has puzzled many. The way it happened and the subsequent events have been some of the discussions that have generated heated debates especially among analysts and historians. Unfortunately, with every re-analysis of the story come new findings serving to thicken the plot. However, readers of the theories fronted by scholars are free to choose the one that makes most sense and in the above discussion it has been argued that the conspiracy theory involving organized crime groups is the most credible. Works Cited Kaiser, David. The Road to Dallas. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on The assassination of John F. Kennedy: Conspiracy theories was written and submitted by user Pa1ge to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

International operation management The WritePass Journal

International operation management INTRODUCTION International operation management INTRODUCTIONTASK 1APPLICATION OF THEORIES AND STRATEGIESCOST ANALYSIS OF CURRENT OPERATIONSOPERATION MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN PRODUCT DESIGN OPERATIONSMODULE 2QUALITY MANAGEMENTTASK 3CONCLUSIONBIBLIOGRAPHYRelated INTRODUCTION IKEA was founded by Ingvar Kamprad in the year 1943. It started as a small town Swedish furniture company that was founded on the principles low prices and good quality. This simple idea was able to transform the organization along with strategic management and excellent decision making. It now has over 250 stores and a presence in 30 countries. IKEA has become an international giant with whom local furniture companies have to struggle against. The fundamentals of the organization did not change drastically with expansion however the organization did adapt to the culture and practices in the host countries. The strategy was simple, give the people lower price compared to the peers, allow them to check the quality, do no compromise on the quality, save on costs from every possible angle and make them feel happy about the purchases they made (10 Keys to IKEA’s Low Prices, 2009). This made their brand strong and helped in vertical and horizontal integration and expansion. IKEA maintained strong ties to its home country. Its colors are a representation of the Swedish flag and its name is the initials of its founders name along with the initials of the town he was born in. The organization has used policies that have baffled researchers and lead to various analyst studying its reasons for success. TASK 1 APPLICATION OF THEORIES AND STRATEGIES When IKEA was first created, its owner had the vision of making it an international giant. He had started international meetings and proceeded for a quick expansion strategy of the organization. No other furniture company has had such an exponential growth in only a few years. First, it expanded from a small town to chains all over Sweden. This was not an easy task. The organization had no means of managing so many stores however through the excellent entrepreneurship of its founder, his strategy and global vision, the organization grew strong. The stores’ main concern would be to find ways in which they could decrease costs. They started with lowering electricity costs during day time by opening windows; they used energy saving lights and did not have a large profit margin in the start. They then expanded to Germany, France and other European nations. Once they expanded to other countries, they maintained the same policies and store strategies in every store. This was done th rough impeccable management practices, which further helped the organization open stores in other continents. IKEA’s business model became famous and the store called for publicity. Their process analysis and operational strategies are unique. All of their decisions have been successful and their management of inventory, staff and stores is one of the best in the world. IKEA used to purchase raw materials from manufacturers but after it expanded internationally, it started its own production company. This resulted in saving costs as well as making new designs reach the stores faster with the least amount of compromise on quality (Ikea: How the Swedish retailer became a global cult brand, 2005). They started economies of scale by starting a production company near its stores. These companies were generally located in areas where labor was cheap and it would be cheaper to ship the goods. They also used a very different style of marketing technique which concentrated on making people happy and reaching out on their base emotions. Most of the stores which sold products at lower prices were considered to have cheap quality like Wal-Mart; therefore IKEA had to use a lot of advertising to put the simple message across that the quality was not compromised in the deal. They did so by hosting customer parties, sending free samples, giving huge discounts and maintaining a happy customer care service. This increased their goodwill. They also took active participation in local events and helped the community, increasing their goodwill and sales. IKEA believed in constant innovation which is one of the reasons for its strong presence. It comes up with furniture pieces that are classic and as well as new. This adds to its brand presence along with rotation of furniture so that the customers are never viewing the same thing each time they visit. Another strategy that IKEA came out with was to keep huge inventories in its stores. This would mean more space and more wastage as well as high inventory management costs however compared to the costs of maintaining the stores, the predicted sales were higher. This made them even more famous because they were the only store which was capable of holding huge inventories allowing customers to buy any product by jus t entering the store. They managed to do so by holding flat line products. These products would them have to be assembled by the customer hence they were made in an easy to assemble manner. By holding flat ling products, the organization could store millions of product. These strategies enabled them to increase their market share (Ikea Components is Setting practical Business Targets, 2011). COST ANALYSIS OF CURRENT OPERATIONS IKEA is a privately held organization. It has seen an increase in costs over the last couple of years and is struggling to survive given the recent global recession and low sales turnover. Although its new and innovative strategies have increased sales and helped them earn profits, the margin of profits and the sales turnover has decreased along with increase in the cost of raw materials and operations. An increase in sales from Euro 21534 million in 2008 to a Euro 21846 million in 2009 is considered slow however considering the marking conditions, it is above its peers. IKEA needs to find more ways to cut costs in order to generate healthier results. It has started doing so by creating solar powered lamps etc and using solar power and saving on electricity. Its costs increased from Euro 7078 million in 2008 to Euro 7198 million in 2009. Reducing its costs will also be another challenging for the organization (Process Analysis Model, n.d.) OPERATION MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN PRODUCT DESIGN OPERATIONS IKEA is strongly linked to its product and organization design. The process from which production starts until it reaches the stores and makes sales is very commendable for an international giant like IKEA. Although the operation process has been commendable there are still a few loopholes in the process. The main problem concerning IKEA is its inventory storage. Warehousing costs are on the high. The organization cannot afford to store thousands of products for each different store. This would not only mean high cost of storage but also wastages in products. Once the product gets old, it needs to be replaced by other more innovative products. This makes the lifecycle of the furniture short and increases the wastages that the organization will have to incur. Currently IKEA ships the unwanted goods to other stores where it might have a high demand however this not only adds to the risks of no sale but also increases the cost of shipping. Since it produces flat line furniture, the place taken up is not a lot but the store has expanded into all departments of housing and office furniture hence has to bear a high cost of storage. A good option available to the organization is to display goods in the store and ship the goods later to the customers through mail. This would help in preventing storage costs, cost to keep inventory management and save on any kind of wastages. The organization can also concentrate on re using the unsold furniture into other products. Since the organization owns its own production company, it can re use the unsold pieces of furniture and make other innovative products. Currently it does not pay too much attention into re using and re cycling however if it wants to keep costs low it needs to consider this alternativ e (SWOT Analysis and Sustainable Business Planning, 2011). Another Operation management issue with IKEA is that the organization is extremely large. It not only needs to concentrate on maintaining the current stores but also on expansion into other countries. IKEAs expansion into India and other developing countries is on the hold. It has been extremely conservative in its approach to expansion and trying to be overly cautious. A good example is its indecision over opening stores in China. Once the company decided that China would be a good market, its management was scared to take the risk of entering a market where consumers were traditional and other furniture retails offered cheaper products. However, the expansion went very well and China has been a very good turnover for the organization. The government too was pleased with IKEA. Hence IKEAs management needs to take more risks and consider global expansion while maintaining the quality of products and service given and lowering costs. By using process model analysis on the organizations approach to its day to day operations, the following flow chart was developed. A process flow chart is required in order to recreate the design of the organization and understand the process in a simplified manner. The flow chart contains these symbols and meaning: Flowchart The above flowchart shows that there is a lot of time that is wasted in the transportation of the goods as well as in inspection of the products. Waste recovery has not been given a lot of attention as required and time spent on planning needs to be increased in order to develop products that lead the furniture market. Analysis models using classifier analysis, location analysis, cost and duration analysis and resource analysis have shown that the organization has been using all possible forms of increasing business however there is more scope and a lot it can do to improve its current standards. It does not utilize its resources like space for storage, marketing for customers and training employees for better customer satisfaction and higher sales. It is very conservative in its approach to location and store openings and production company locations. It needs to get more aggressive in order to build a stronger more stable and more profitable brand. The overall design of the organization is excellent with importance given on lowering costs; the only problems are inventory management and cautious expansion. MODULE 2 QUALITY MANAGEMENT IKEAs simple business strategy of low prices has created a lot of trouble for the organization. By lowering prices, the quality of products offered lowered and although the organization has been thriving to maintain its quality it has sometimes been unable to meet international standards. The products are also a little below quality but their quest for lowering prices has also affected their quality of service offered. Customer care does not get proper attention and the workers do not have the time or resources for proper international training (Levine, 2010). The organization is barely scrapping through with the quality required which has adversely affected the business. The sales have gone down and prospective sales from elite consumers have seen a sharp decline. Another noticing factor on quality management is the advertising campaigns that the organization holds. They are unable to research well on the market because of being very cost conscious and have therefore missed out on their target customers in their marketing plan. Because IKEA is an international brand, it not only has to consider international policies but in order to do well in the host country, the organization also needs to pay special attention to the customs and traditions of the host country. It has been failing to do so correctly resulting in profits dwindling below expectations in certain regions and countries like the United States (Levine, 2010). IKEA is a privately held organization, hence information on IKEA is difficult to attain. IKEA follows a very difficult return service with delays and sometimes refusal to take back the goods purchased by consumers. This reflects back on their credibility and goodwill. For any organization that works directly with customers, service needs to be impeccable especially for an international organization like IKEA however IKEA has not been very good with its quality management approach. The organization has however taken a lot of steps to maintain its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and taken many steps to make a difference in the host country. IKEA can take many steps to improve quality. The organization can adopt TQM (Total Quality Management) in its operations in order to ensure quality. It needs to spend money on its processes however the returns it could possibly earn are potentially higher than the costs. The organization needs to adopt a six sigma approach to management and strategically increase the quality of products and service provided. This should increase collectively in all the stores. It has been seen that most of the sales come from EU nations which makes up of about 50% of its sales with only 5% coming from North America. This is a potentially untapped market and IKEA needs to improve quality and assure the consumers of its products and quality so as to increase its potential in not only the markets it already has a presence in but also the markets in which it plans to open stores. IKEA can use the theories for quality improvement in order to manage the quality. Management stresses on the following important principles and theories for quality improvement that IKEA can use to its advantage. 1. Develop customer focus in each step of the process and train employees to provide the best customer satisfaction. IKEA depends on its consumers and it needs to prove to the consumers that they can depend on IKEA as well. Customer focus is very important internally as well as externally in the workings of the organization. 2. Leadership. The international size of the organization makes it difficult for them to manage and lead the process. Leadership is required for each different store and all the leaders need to have a similar set of rules, aims and objectives. This can be done by training each leader of the store together. With the values that needs to be used in the organization. 3. Process based quality management. One theory of quality management states that if each process in the organization deals with the optimum use of resources and time, the overall outlook of the organization will be much different. 4. Decision making approach of the organization needs to change. The management needs to realize that they can no longer be over cautious in their approach if they want to gather all the market share and potential sales if they continue being conservative. They need information that is correct and they need to work slowly because of their mere size but they also need to take an aggressive role in this slow recession filled economy in order to survive and compete. 5. Continual improvement in quality. Quality management is not a onetime approach, the organization has to imbibe it into its day to day workings, control the quality and give feedback on the improvements done. The constant feedbacks would be supplied along with the advantages that the organization achieved due to the process of quality management. IKEA can also use the Crosby theory of quality management which stresses on zero errors, prevention of errors, quality being an adherence to requirement and quality as being a price paid for non conformity. It sets goals for lower period of days so that the results would show, it requires total commitment from the upper management, encouragement to the employees, training given accordingly, creating incentives for high sales, determining the costs for quality etc. TASK 3 IKEA being the world’s leading furniture retailer does not utilize its capacity or use capacity management to its advantage. It uses Data Core Virtual Storage Solutions globally considering its size. The new version uses auto provisioning which is allocation of products to its demand, auto failover which is mirroring and using high availability in its products and snapshot functions which means creating backup for all the information that is feed from all its stores worldwide. The software is the latest and expected to improve the management of inventory. Before the implantation of the software, IKEA struggled with its supply chain management. It sometimes had over supplied products and sometimes there was a lag in products which diminished demand. Since it is not an internet based supplier, it needs to keep a good amount of product as reserves. It needs to create a balance between oversupply and under supply so as to reduce wastages. IKEA has tried to take advantage of the te chnological improvements to sort out its supply chain management. The organization had earlier used JDA system in 2006 to solve its problems in supply chain management (IKEA Services, 2011). For an organization like IKEA the primary concern in capacity management are as follows: 1. It needs a technology that can forecast with a great level of accuracy based on past results and future market environment the market demand and supply movements. This forecasting accuracy will help the organization improve its functions and save millions of dollars in shipping, storage and recycling. 2. It needs an approach that improves the sales forecasts and predicts consumer behavior. The predictions need to be translated into sales figures so that the organization can plan on expansion and innovation. All the departments in the organization are interrelated and using capacity management to its highest level could help create more potential from the other departments as well. 3. Another area where IKEA needs to focus on is the anticipation of problems before they occur. A large organization is prone to have problems in its supply chain management and capacity management however if it is in a position to predict the changes and challenges well ahead of time, it can be better prepared for the threat or even to a certain extent help prevent it. This is an integral part of management function through which the organization can gain further market share and capital. 4. Transportation and logistics methods need to be simplified with each consignment being traceable so that the management can better predict the product whereabouts and avoid loss in transportation. With the rise in fuel costs the management needs to carefully lay out its supply chain management as well as logistics problems. With over 12000 products and 250 stores in 30 countries the organization needs better capacity management solutions (Supply Chain Management, 2006). IKEA store layout is in the form of a maze. The consumers need to walk through different custom rooms build to give them an idea of the product they might like. The stores are therefore multi layered with additional space given for storage. This has proven to be a good thing because this marketing strategy makes the customers view all the products and increases sales. It does however have the following disadvantages: It wastes a lot of its store space It confuses the customers who find it difficult to return to the product they liked before It irritates consumers who are looking for a particular product and have to go through the entire store for it and it wastes a lot of time which consumers do not prefer. However, this marketing strategy is important but it can be improved upon to avoid the above hindrance.   There are many other store formats that the organization can select from instead of its free flow layout. An image of the store layouts is mentioned below. Therefore IKEA can select a grid layout or a spine layout to avoid confusion. Having different layout on each store can also be helpful and avoid any wastage of space. Since the organization has 20000 products they need to be displayed in an arranged format with utmost importance given to layout so that they appear attractive for the customers to buy. The lighting also should be set up in a way that enhances the qualities of the products. The benefits of having a store layout are that it helps the customers organize their wants. It has been proven in countless studies that a good display of the products makes the customers more inclined to buy the products. This means that a layout can make or break a sale hence needs attention from the upper management (Waters, 2011). CONCLUSION IKEA has a great future ahead. It needs to take an aggressive role in this market because its sales are now stagnant and costs are on a rise. It has used the best method for inventory management along with supply chain management it can further expand its dominance over the other furniture retailers by becoming a public company instead of staying private and add additional funds to its disposal. The has been orthodox and conservative in its approach to management so far but it needs to change its policies into being more innovative not only in the products it makes but also in the strategies it follows. The company has great potential and a business plan that matches no other organization in the world. It size and its success by far have been commendable. It company also needs to change into being more web based which would reduce the cost of transportation and logistics. It has a lot of potential and a goodwill that precedes every country it decides to open a store in, however marketing is also an important feature IKEA needs to look into. Its current marketing strategies were effective in an expanding economy where people where ready to spend however in this current recession the only way IKEA can make more sales is through advertising its fundamental business objective; low cost. It needs to cash into the recession and increase sales by lowering prices and making its products quality checked. IKEA also has a lot of improvement to do in the customer care area where it is lacking behind due to its policy to lower costs. The organization needs to train its employee so that they are more efficient and better equipped to make a sale. To conclude I would like to add that IKEA has great potential not only in its existing countries but other countries where it does not have any stores. It needs to tap into the sales before some other organization does. BIBLIOGRAPHY 10 Keys to IKEA’s Low Prices. (2009). Personalizing the IKEA experience. [Online] ikeafans.com/ikea/ikea-why-ikea/10-keys-to-ikeas-low-prices.html [last accessed April 02, 2011] Ikea Components is Setting practical Business Targets. (2011). Business Management. [Online] bme.eu.com/article/Ikea-Components-is-setting-practical-business-targets/ [last accessed April 02, 2011] IKEA Services. (2011). IKEA. [Online] prnewswire.com/news-releases/ikeathe-worlds-leading-home-furnishings-retailerdeploys-datacore-virtual-storage-solutions-globally-55257702.html [last accessed April 02, 2011] Ikea: How the Swedish retailer became a global cult brand. (2005). BusinessWeek. [Online] businessweek.com/magazine/content/05_46/b3959001.htm [last accessed April 02, 2011] Levine, R.R. (2010). Theories in total quality management. [Online] brighthub.com/office/project-management/articles/72443.aspx [last accessed April 02, 2011] Process Analysis Model. (n.d.). IBM. [Online] http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/dmndhelp/v6rxmx/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.btools.help.modeler.doc/doc/concepts/analysis/processmodelanalysis.html   [last accessed April 02, 2011] Supply Chain Management. (2006). Ikea revamps supply chain strategy with JDA. [Online] logisticsit.com/absolutenm/templates/article-supplychain.aspx?articleid=2544zoneid=5   [last accessed April 02, 2011] SWOT Analysis and Sustainable Business Planning. (2011). The Times 100. [Online] thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyswot-analysis-and-sustainable-business-planning110-368-5.php [last accessed April 02, 2011] Waters, S. (2011). Types of store layouts. [Online] http://retail.about.com/od/storedesign/ss/store_layouts.htm [last accessed April 02, 2011]